Basically, traditional level access cards works similarly verification ID of a card holder performs as well as permits gaining access of the door as soon as the card reader is swiped. Moreover, traditional access cards authorizes by utilizing certain technologies such as 125 KHz Proximity that has a hot stamp number or else public Card Serial Number (CSN) ascribed to a card. This CSN acts like a verification ID for the card holder.

However, there are almost 2 key security risks in the access control that creates this technology as legacy as well as unsecure:

• Cloning of Card: Replication of the card credential information over a blank card as well as transmitting the data straight towards card reader so that electronic door can be compromised.
• Signal Sniffing: Replicating the wiegand signal amongst the access control traditional card reader along with the controller.

Legacy technologies including Mag-stripe, 125 KHz Proximity, Barcode are altogether susceptible with devices for cloning such technologies easily available over the internet. However, the evolution of Smart cards offers an ideal method for combating against such vulnerabilities. Also, Smart cards are alike their smarter than the traditional access cards.

Besides, storing data, smart cards also the verge with the power processing. Moreover, these are highly secured, since the data stored may perhaps be safeguarded against illegal access as well as cloning by the means of erudite encryption.

Furthermore, with the properties like MFA (multi-functionality authorizations), smart cards are capable of moving ahead of just handling credentials of access control in the several other business regions, for instance cashless transaction. Now, all these features makes smart cards an attractive option, especially for schools & colleges, where by utilizing a single access card one individual can deal dealing several characteristics of campus life such as library access, cashless transaction, printing credits for the name however not many.

In addition, for the utmost security, Smart cards usually offers a robust mutual ‘3-pass authentication’. That allows transmission of data deprived of the necessity of exchanging or else distributing encryption keys of private smart card. Moreover, the usage of session key enables in creating a protected pipe for every data amongst the card as well as access control reader for the prevention of spying along with assuring privacy. Variation by the means of smart card technologies for instance, PicoPass then create ‘card specific keys’ that will transform the encryption of card into a stirring target that is rigid for hitting. Also, physical security of Smart cards even includes scrambling of RAM as well as CPU for hiding useful blocks on-chip, safeguarding that there is no impression of RAM outside via interruption plus its multi-layered design too aids in preventing counter to reverse engineering.